Author(s): Ayman Abu Al-Haj

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence has become a powerful tool in military operations, capable of making independent decisions that were earlier controlled by humans. While these technologies promise efficiency and accuracy, they also create serious risks when used in armed conflicts. The paper explores how the use of AI can lead to international crimes against civilians and the difficulties in allocating responsibility for the acts. It highlights key principles of international humanitarian and criminal law, including the doctrines of distinction, proportionality, and command responsibility, to determine their relevance in AI-driven warfare. It argues that current laws were designed for human and do not suitably address autonomous systems. The paper suggests adopting new international standards that define responsibility for developers, commanders, and states involved in AI-based operations. Strengthening oversight and transparency mechanisms is essential to prevent misuse and ensure justice for civilian victims of technologically moderate warfare.

DOI: 10.22271/27899497.2025.v5.i2c.161

Pages: 185-192 | Views: 138 | Downloads: 55

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